World Soil Day

  Ahead of World Soil Day , marked on December 5th , the  FAO launched its first ever report on " The State of Knowledge of Soil Biodiversity ". The report examines the potential of soil organisms in ensuring sustainable agri-food systems and mitigating climate change. "Soil biodiversity and sustainable soil management is a prerequisite for the achievement of many of the Sustainable Development Goals " , said FAO Deputy Director-General Maria Helena Semedo. "Therefore, data and information on soil biodiversity, from the national to the global level, are necessary in order to efficiently plan management strategies on a subject that is still poorly known", she added. Biodiversity below According to the report, despite the fact biodiversity loss is at the forefront of global concerns, biodiversity below ground is not being given the prominence it deserves and needs to be fully considered when planning how best to boost sustainable development. "We ho...

  Characterization of the soil biota and methodological approaches  Key Functional Groups  The taxonomic diversity of the soil biota is so high that inevitably some selection must be made. The taxonomic groups described below were selected on the basis of their diverse functional significance to soil fertility (hence the term "target taxa"); and their relative ease of sampling. 1) Earthworms , which influence both soil porosity and nutrient relations through channeling, and ingestion of mineral and/or organic matter.   2) Termites and ants , which influence a) soil porosity and texture through tunnelling, soil ingestion and transport, and gallery construction; b) nutrient cycles through transport, shredding and digestion or organic matter.   3) Other macrofauna such as woodlice, millipedes and some types of insect larvae which act as litter transformers, with an important shredding action on dead plant tissue, and their predators (centipedes, larger arachnids,...