World Soil Day

 Soil nutrients are essential for high agricultural productivity, which can only be obtained when all nutrients are in the optimal supply range. Plant available phosphorus can be used as an indicator of chemical soil nutrients as it is a stable element, and its mobility in the soil is limited. When measuring soil nutrients , laboratories may provide a complete analysis containing values for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Plant available phosphorus was chosen given the nature of its mobility, but N and K can also be consid

  Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil and can be caused by wind, water or anthropogenic activities such as soil tillage. It can be measured in the field, by Observing visible evidence of soil loss , in complement to the measure of topsoil soil organic matter. In identified cases of soil erosion , it is recommended to implement different assessment methods, such as the USLE method, the synthesis of satellite imagery and its metadata, or direct measurement of erosion in gullies, rills, sheet wash, landslides using erosion pins, sediment yield downhill or in drains using Gerlach boxes, or undercutting of the soils around trees and fence-lines.

   Soil Salinity can be a natural phenomenon (reflecting the geological/ lithological/climatic conditions of the area, or proximity to a coastal marine environment), or the result of anthropogenic activities such as the use of salt-rich water for irrigation or the adverse impacts of poorly managed irrigation in dry regions . Halophytic plants, white scabs, an oily appearance or lack of plant growth are all signs of salinity in the field. Salinity can be estimated using electrical conductivity (EC).